Silencer$528060$ - translation to ελληνικό
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Silencer$528060$ - translation to ελληνικό

DNA SEQUENCE CAPABLE OF BINDING REPRESSORS
Silencer elements, transcriptional; Silencer (gene); DNA silencer; Silencer (DNA)
  • Bone marrow of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • DNA silencer sequence region and eukaryotic [[transcriptional]] machinery
  • TATA box, a common basal promoter in eukaryotes. The TATA box is grouped with the TFIIB and the transcription initiator site and the downstream promoter element are located several base pairs away
  • Proper neural folding. Specialized cells called the notochord '''(A)''' induces ectoderm above it to become the primitive nervous system. '''(B)''' Neural tube forms '''(C)''' Gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. '''(D)''' Neural crest cells will migrate to different regions throughout the embryo to initiate development of glia, pigments, and other neural structures. Abnormal ectoderm patterning will cause abnormal and no neural folding.
  • DNA is transcribed into mRNA, introns are spliced during post-transcriptional regulation, and the remaining exons comprise the mRNA.
  • upright=1.4
  • '''1: RNA Polymerase, 2: Repressor (LacI), 3: Promoter, 4: Operator, 5: Lactose, 6: lacZ, 7: lacY, 8: lacA. Top:''' ''lac'' operon is initially repressed because lactose is not present to inhibit the repressor. '''Bottom:''' Repressor LacI is inhibited because it binds to lactose and transcription of the ''lac'' operon is initiated for the breakdown of lactose.
  • The 3' untranslated region of mRNA labeled 3' UTR. Normally about 700 nucleotides in human mRNA.
  • A simple image of how an enhancer and a silencer affect the function of a promoter region

Silencer      
n. κατασιγαστής, σιγαστήρας

Ορισμός

silencer
¦ noun
1. Brit. a device fixed to the exhaust of a motor vehicle to reduce engine noise.
2. a device used to reduce the sound of a gun as it is fired.

Βικιπαίδεια

Silencer (genetics)

In genetics, a silencer is a DNA sequence capable of binding transcription regulation factors, called repressors. DNA contains genes and provides the template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). That mRNA is then translated into proteins. When a repressor protein binds to the silencer region of DNA, RNA polymerase is prevented from transcribing the DNA sequence into RNA. With transcription blocked, the translation of RNA into proteins is impossible. Thus, silencers prevent genes from being expressed as proteins.

RNA polymerase, a DNA-dependent enzyme, transcribes the DNA sequences, called nucleotides, in the 3' to 5' direction while the complementary RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. RNA is similar to DNA, except that RNA contains uracil, instead of thymine, which forms a base pair with adenine. An important region for the activity of gene repression and expression found in RNA is the 3' untranslated region. This is a region on the 3' terminus of RNA that will not be translated to protein but includes many regulatory regions.

Not much is yet known about silencers but scientists continue to study in hopes to classify more types, locations in the genome, and diseases associated with silencers.